abstract the extent to which teachers’ written corrective feedback (wcf) is conducive to esl learners’ improvement has been discussed since truscott’s claim in 1996. the mentioned debate continues because there has been lots of contrastive research studies with different results. this paper presents the results of a 2-month study of the effectiveness of wcf to 65 low intermediate iranian learne...

Abstract The extent to which teachers’ written corrective feedback (WCF) is conducive to ESL learners’ improvement has been discussed since Truscott’s claim in 1996. The mentioned debate continues because there has been lots of contrastive research studies with different results. This paper presents the results of a 2-month study of the effectiveness of WCF to 65 low intermediate Iranian learne...

Abstract The extent to which teachers’ written corrective feedback (WCF) is conducive to ESL learners’ improvement has been discussed since Truscott’s claim in 1996. The mentioned debate continues because there has been lots of contrastive research studies with different results. This paper presents the results of a 2-month study of the effectiveness of WCF to 65 low intermediate Iranian learne...

It is well known and surprising that the uncoded transmission of an independent and identically distributed Gaussian source across an additive white Gaussian noise channel is optimal: No amount of sophistication in the coding strategy can ever perform better. What makes uncoded transmission optimal? In this thesis, it is shown that the optimality of uncoded transmission can be understood as the...

In this paper we consider a system where a mobile terminal obtains the downlink channel state information (CSI) and feeds it back to the base station using an uplink feedback channel. If the downlink channel is an independent Rayleigh fading channel, then the CSI may be viewed as an output of a complex independent identically distributed Gaussian source. Further, if the uplink feedback channel ...

Writing, as a productive skill, requires an accurate in-depth knowledge of the grammar system, language form and sentence structure. The emphasis on accuracy is justified in the sense that it can lead to the production of structurally correct instances of second language, and to prevent inaccuracy that may result in the production of structurally erroneous sentences. The present research intend...

We propose two schemes for selective-repeat ARQ protocols over packet erasure channels with unreliable feedback: (i) a hybrid ARQ protocol with soft combining at the receiver, and (ii) a coded ARQ protocol, by building on the uncoded baseline scheme for ARQ, developed by Ausavapattanakun and Nosratinia. Our method leverages discrete-time queuing and coding theory to analyze the performance of t...

BACKGROUND Uncoded diagnoses in health insurance claims (HICs) may introduce bias into Japanese health statistics dependent on computerized HICs. This study's aim was to identify the causes and characteristics of uncoded diagnoses. METHODS Uncoded diagnoses from computerized HICs (outpatient, inpatient, and the diagnosis procedure-combination per-diem payment system [DPC/PDPS]) submitted to t...

BACKGROUND Uncoded diagnoses in computerized health insurance claims are excluded from statistical summaries of health-related risks and other factors. The effects of these uncoded diagnoses, coded according to ICD-10 disease categories, have not been investigated to date in Japan. METHODS I obtained all computerized health insurance claims (outpatient medical care, inpatient medical care, an...